Standard Library Reference

The Orbital Standard Library provides domain-agnostic building blocks for S-expressions. These are fundamental operations that compose to form complex logic in guards, effects, and computed fields.

Auto-Generated

This documentation is automatically generated from the std library source code. All operators listed here are available in every Almadar schema.

How to use operators

Operators are invoked as S-expressions — a JSON array where the first element is the operator name:

["math/abs", -5]          // => 5
["str/upper", "hello"]    // => "HELLO"
["arr/length", [1, 2, 3]] // => 3

Operators compose naturally:

["str/concat",
  ["str/upper", "@entity.firstName"],
  " ",
  ["str/upper", "@entity.lastName"]
]

---

🔢Mathematical Operations

Numeric operations for calculations, rounding, clamping, and randomization.

16 operators

math/abs✨ Pure

Absolute value

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The number

Example

["math/abs", -5] // => 5

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

math/min✨ Pure

Minimum of values

Parameter	Type	Description
...nums	number[]	Numbers to compare

Example

["math/min", 3, 1, 4] // => 1

Returns: numberArgs: 2 or more

math/max✨ Pure

Maximum of values

Parameter	Type	Description
...nums	number[]	Numbers to compare

Example

["math/max", 3, 1, 4] // => 4

Returns: numberArgs: 2 or more

math/clamp✨ Pure

Constrain value to range [min, max]

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The value to clamp
min	number	Minimum bound
max	number	Maximum bound

Example

["math/clamp", 150, 0, 100] // => 100

Returns: numberArgs: 3 arguments

math/floor✨ Pure

Round down to integer

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The number

Example

["math/floor", 3.7] // => 3

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

math/ceil✨ Pure

Round up to integer

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The number

Example

["math/ceil", 3.2] // => 4

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

math/round✨ Pure

Round to nearest integer or specified decimals

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The number
decimals (opt)	number	Decimal places (default: 0)

Example

["math/round", 3.456, 2] // => 3.46

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

math/pow✨ Pure

Exponentiation (base^exp)

Parameter	Type	Description
base	number	The base
exp	number	The exponent

Example

["math/pow", 2, 8] // => 256

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

math/sqrt✨ Pure

Square root

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The number

Example

["math/sqrt", 16] // => 4

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

math/mod✨ Pure

Modulo (remainder)

Parameter	Type	Description
a	number	Dividend
b	number	Divisor

Example

["math/mod", 7, 3] // => 1

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

math/sign✨ Pure

Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating sign

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The number

Example

["math/sign", -42] // => -1

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

math/lerp✨ Pure

Linear interpolation between a and b by factor t

Parameter	Type	Description
a	number	Start value
b	number	End value
t	number	Interpolation factor (0-1)

Example

["math/lerp", 0, 100, 0.5] // => 50

Returns: numberArgs: 3 arguments

math/map✨ Pure

Map value from one range to another

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	The value
inMin	number	Input range minimum
inMax	number	Input range maximum
outMin	number	Output range minimum
outMax	number	Output range maximum

Example

["math/map", 5, 0, 10, 0, 100] // => 50

Returns: numberArgs: 5 arguments

math/random✨ Pure

Random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive)

Example

["math/random"] // => 0.7234...

Returns: numberArgs: 0 arguments

math/randomInt✨ Pure

Random integer in range [min, max] (inclusive)

Parameter	Type	Description
min	number	Minimum (inclusive)
max	number	Maximum (inclusive)

Example

["math/randomInt", 1, 6] // => 4

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

math/default✨ Pure

Return default if value is null, undefined, or NaN

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number | null	The value
default	number	Default value

Example

["math/default", null, 0] // => 0

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

📝String Operations

Text manipulation including formatting, splitting, trimming, and templating.

27 operators

str/len✨ Pure

String length

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/len", "hello"] // => 5

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

str/concat✨ Pure

Concatenate strings together

Parameter	Type	Description
strings	string	Strings to concatenate

Example

["str/concat", "/users/", "@entity.id"] // => "/users/123"

Returns: textArgs: 1–99 arguments

str/upper✨ Pure

Convert to uppercase

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/upper", "hello"] // => "HELLO"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/lower✨ Pure

Convert to lowercase

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/lower", "HELLO"] // => "hello"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/trim✨ Pure

Remove leading and trailing whitespace

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/trim", " hello "] // => "hello"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/trimStart✨ Pure

Remove leading whitespace

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/trimStart", " hello"] // => "hello"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/trimEnd✨ Pure

Remove trailing whitespace

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/trimEnd", "hello "] // => "hello"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/split✨ Pure

Split string into array by delimiter

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
delim	string	Delimiter

Example

["str/split", "a,b,c", ","] // => ["a", "b", "c"]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

str/join✨ Pure

Join array elements into string

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	Array to join
delim	string	Delimiter

Example

["str/join", ["a", "b", "c"], ", "] // => "a, b, c"

Returns: textArgs: 2 arguments

str/slice✨ Pure

Extract substring

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
start	number	Start index
end (opt)	number	End index (exclusive)

Example

["str/slice", "hello", 1, 4] // => "ell"

Returns: textArgs: 2–3 arguments

str/replace✨ Pure

Replace first occurrence

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
find	string	String to find
replace	string	Replacement

Example

["str/replace", "hello world", "world", "there"] // => "hello there"

Returns: textArgs: 3 arguments

str/replaceAll✨ Pure

Replace all occurrences

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
find	string	String to find
replace	string	Replacement

Example

["str/replaceAll", "a-b-c", "-", "_"] // => "a_b_c"

Returns: textArgs: 3 arguments

str/includes✨ Pure

Check if string contains substring

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
search	string	Substring to find

Example

["str/includes", "hello world", "world"] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

str/startsWith✨ Pure

Check if string starts with prefix

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
prefix	string	Prefix to check

Example

["str/startsWith", "hello", "hel"] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

str/endsWith✨ Pure

Check if string ends with suffix

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
suffix	string	Suffix to check

Example

["str/endsWith", "hello", "lo"] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

str/padStart✨ Pure

Pad string from start to target length

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
len	number	Target length
char (opt)	string	Padding character (default: )

Example

["str/padStart", "5", 3, "0"] // => "005"

Returns: textArgs: 2–3 arguments

str/padEnd✨ Pure

Pad string from end to target length

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
len	number	Target length
char (opt)	string	Padding character (default: )

Example

["str/padEnd", "5", 3, "0"] // => "500"

Returns: textArgs: 2–3 arguments

str/repeat✨ Pure

Repeat string n times

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
count	number	Repeat count

Example

["str/repeat", "ab", 3] // => "ababab"

Returns: textArgs: 2 arguments

str/reverse✨ Pure

Reverse string

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/reverse", "hello"] // => "olleh"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/capitalize✨ Pure

Capitalize first character

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/capitalize", "hello"] // => "Hello"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/titleCase✨ Pure

Convert to Title Case

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/titleCase", "hello world"] // => "Hello World"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/camelCase✨ Pure

Convert to camelCase

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/camelCase", "hello world"] // => "helloWorld"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/kebabCase✨ Pure

Convert to kebab-case

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/kebabCase", "Hello World"] // => "hello-world"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/snakeCase✨ Pure

Convert to snake_case

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string

Example

["str/snakeCase", "Hello World"] // => "hello_world"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

str/default✨ Pure

Return default if value is null/undefined/empty

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string | null	The value
default	string	Default value

Example

["str/default", null, "N/A"] // => "N/A"

Returns: textArgs: 2 arguments

str/template✨ Pure

Variable substitution in template string

Parameter	Type	Description
template	string	Template with {placeholders}
vars	object	Variables to substitute

Example

["str/template", "Hello, {name}!", {"name": "World"}] // => "Hello, World!"

Returns: textArgs: 2 arguments

str/truncate✨ Pure

Truncate string with optional suffix

Parameter	Type	Description
s	string	The string
len	number	Maximum length
suffix (opt)	string	Suffix for truncated strings (default: ...)

Example

["str/truncate", "Hello World", 8, "..."] // => "Hello..."

Returns: textArgs: 2–3 arguments

📋Collection Operations

Work with lists and arrays including filtering, mapping, and aggregation.

39 operators

array/len✨ Pure

Array length

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/len", [1, 2, 3]] // => 3

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

array/empty?✨ Pure

Check if array is empty

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/empty?", []] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

array/first✨ Pure

Get first element

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/first", [1, 2, 3]] // => 1

Returns: any valueArgs: 1 argument

array/last✨ Pure

Get last element

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/last", [1, 2, 3]] // => 3

Returns: any valueArgs: 1 argument

array/nth✨ Pure

Get element at index

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
index	number	Index (0-based)

Example

["array/nth", [1, 2, 3], 1] // => 2

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

array/slice✨ Pure

Extract subarray

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
start	number	Start index
end (opt)	number	End index (exclusive)

Example

["array/slice", [1, 2, 3, 4], 1, 3] // => [2, 3]

Returns: listArgs: 2–3 arguments

array/concat✨ Pure

Concatenate arrays

Parameter	Type	Description
...arrs	array[]	Arrays to concatenate

Example

["array/concat", [1, 2], [3, 4]] // => [1, 2, 3, 4]

Returns: listArgs: 2 or more

array/append✨ Pure

Add item to end (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
item	any	Item to add

Example

["array/append", [1, 2], 3] // => [1, 2, 3]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/prepend✨ Pure

Add item to start (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
item	any	Item to add

Example

["array/prepend", [2, 3], 1] // => [1, 2, 3]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/insert✨ Pure

Insert item at index (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
index	number	Index to insert at
item	any	Item to insert

Example

["array/insert", [1, 3], 1, 2] // => [1, 2, 3]

Returns: listArgs: 3 arguments

array/remove✨ Pure

Remove item at index (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
index	number	Index to remove

Example

["array/remove", [1, 2, 3], 1] // => [1, 3]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/removeItem✨ Pure

Remove first matching item (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
item	any	Item to remove

Example

["array/removeItem", [1, 2, 3, 2], 2] // => [1, 3, 2]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/reverse✨ Pure

Reverse array order (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/reverse", [1, 2, 3]] // => [3, 2, 1]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

array/sort✨ Pure

Sort array (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
key (opt)	string	Field to sort by (for objects)
dir (opt)	string	"asc" or "desc" (default: asc)

Example

["array/sort", "@items", "price", "desc"]

Returns: listArgs: 1–3 arguments

array/shuffle✨ Pure

Randomly shuffle array (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/shuffle", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

array/unique✨ Pure

Remove duplicates (returns new array)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/unique", [1, 2, 2, 3, 1]] // => [1, 2, 3]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

array/flatten✨ Pure

Flatten nested arrays one level

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array

Example

["array/flatten", [[1, 2], [3, 4]]] // => [1, 2, 3, 4]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

array/zip✨ Pure

Pair elements from two arrays

Parameter	Type	Description
arr1	array	First array
arr2	array	Second array

Example

["array/zip", [1, 2], ["a", "b"]] // => [[1, "a"], [2, "b"]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/includes✨ Pure

Check if array contains item

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
item	any	Item to find

Example

["array/includes", [1, 2, 3], 2] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

array/indexOf✨ Pure

Find index of item (-1 if not found)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
item	any	Item to find

Example

["array/indexOf", [1, 2, 3], 2] // => 1

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

array/find✨ Pure

Find first element matching predicate

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/find", "@items", ["fn", "x", ["=", "@x.status", "active"]]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

array/findIndex✨ Pure

Find index of first element matching predicate (-1 if none)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/findIndex", "@items", ["fn", "x", ["=", "@x.status", "active"]]]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

array/filter✨ Pure

Keep elements matching predicate

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/filter", "@items", ["fn", "x", [">", "@x.price", 100]]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/reject✨ Pure

Remove elements matching predicate

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/reject", "@items", ["fn", "x", ["=", "@x.status", "deleted"]]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/map✨ Pure

Transform each element

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
fn	lambda	Transform function

Example

["array/map", "@items", ["fn", "x", ["*", "@x.price", 1.1]]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/reduce✨ Pure

Reduce array to single value

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
fn	lambda	Reducer function (acc, item) => newAcc
init	any	Initial accumulator value

Example

["array/reduce", "@items", ["fn", ["acc", "x"], ["+", "@acc", "@x.price"]], 0]

Returns: any valueArgs: 3 arguments

array/every✨ Pure

Check if all elements match predicate

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/every", "@items", ["fn", "x", [">", "@x.price", 0]]]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

array/some✨ Pure

Check if any element matches predicate

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/some", "@items", ["fn", "x", ["=", "@x.status", "active"]]]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

array/count✨ Pure

Count elements (optionally matching predicate)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred (opt)	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/count", "@tasks", ["fn", "t", ["=", "@t.status", "done"]]]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

array/sum✨ Pure

Sum values (optionally by field)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
key (opt)	string	Field to sum

Example

["array/sum", "@cart.items", "price"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

array/avg✨ Pure

Average of values (optionally by field)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
key (opt)	string	Field to average

Example

["array/avg", "@ratings", "score"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

array/min✨ Pure

Minimum value (optionally by field)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
key (opt)	string	Field to compare

Example

["array/min", "@products", "price"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

array/max✨ Pure

Maximum value (optionally by field)

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
key (opt)	string	Field to compare

Example

["array/max", "@products", "price"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

array/groupBy✨ Pure

Group elements by field value

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
key	string	Field to group by

Example

["array/groupBy", "@orders", "status"]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

array/partition✨ Pure

Split array by predicate into [matches, nonMatches]

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
pred	lambda	Predicate function

Example

["array/partition", "@items", ["fn", "x", [">", "@x.price", 50]]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/take✨ Pure

Take first n elements

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
n	number	Number of elements

Example

["array/take", "@items", 5]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/drop✨ Pure

Skip first n elements

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
n	number	Number of elements to skip

Example

["array/drop", "@items", 5]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/takeLast✨ Pure

Take last n elements

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
n	number	Number of elements

Example

["array/takeLast", "@items", 3]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

array/dropLast✨ Pure

Skip last n elements

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	The array
n	number	Number of elements to skip

Example

["array/dropLast", "@items", 2]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

🔑Object Utilities

Access and manipulate object properties safely.

19 operators

object/keys✨ Pure

Get object keys as array

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object

Example

["object/keys", {"a": 1, "b": 2}] // => ["a", "b"]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

object/values✨ Pure

Get object values as array

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object

Example

["object/values", {"a": 1, "b": 2}] // => [1, 2]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

object/entries✨ Pure

Get [key, value] pairs as array

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object

Example

["object/entries", {"a": 1}] // => [["a", 1]]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

object/fromEntries✨ Pure

Create object from [key, value] pairs

Parameter	Type	Description
entries	array	Array of [key, value] pairs

Example

["object/fromEntries", [["a", 1], ["b", 2]]] // => {"a": 1, "b": 2}

Returns: any valueArgs: 1 argument

object/get✨ Pure

Get nested value by path

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
path	string	Dot-separated path (e.g., "user.name")
default (opt)	any	Default if path not found

Example

["object/get", "@user", "profile.name", "Anonymous"]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2–3 arguments

object/set✨ Pure

Set nested value by path (returns new object)

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
path	string	Dot-separated path
value	any	Value to set

Example

["object/set", "@user", "profile.name", "John"]

Returns: any valueArgs: 3 arguments

object/has✨ Pure

Check if path exists

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
path	string	Dot-separated path

Example

["object/has", "@user", "profile.name"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

object/merge✨ Pure

Shallow merge objects (later wins)

Parameter	Type	Description
...objs	object[]	Objects to merge

Example

["object/merge", {"a": 1}, {"b": 2}] // => {"a": 1, "b": 2}

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 or more

object/deepMerge✨ Pure

Deep merge objects (later wins)

Parameter	Type	Description
...objs	object[]	Objects to merge

Example

["object/deepMerge", {"a": {"b": 1}}, {"a": {"c": 2}}]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 or more

object/pick✨ Pure

Select only specified keys

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
keys	array	Keys to keep

Example

["object/pick", "@entity", ["name", "email"]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

object/omit✨ Pure

Exclude specified keys

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
keys	array	Keys to exclude

Example

["object/omit", "@entity", ["password", "secret"]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

object/mapValues✨ Pure

Transform all values

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
fn	lambda	Transform function

Example

["object/mapValues", "@stats", ["fn", "v", ["*", "@v", 100]]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

object/mapKeys✨ Pure

Transform all keys

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
fn	lambda	Transform function

Example

["object/mapKeys", "@data", ["fn", "k", ["str/upper", "@k"]]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

object/filter✨ Pure

Filter entries by predicate

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object
pred	lambda	Predicate (key, value) => boolean

Example

["object/filter", "@data", ["fn", ["k", "v"], ["!=", "@v", null]]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

object/empty?✨ Pure

Check if object has no keys

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object

Example

["object/empty?", {}] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

object/equals✨ Pure

Deep equality check

Parameter	Type	Description
a	object	First object
b	object	Second object

Example

["object/equals", {"a": 1}, {"a": 1}] // => true

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

object/clone✨ Pure

Shallow clone object

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object

Example

["object/clone", "@entity"]

Returns: any valueArgs: 1 argument

object/deepClone✨ Pure

Deep clone object

Parameter	Type	Description
obj	object	The object

Example

["object/deepClone", "@entity"]

Returns: any valueArgs: 1 argument

path✨ Pure

Build a dot-separated path string from segments. Used with set effect for dynamic field paths.

Parameter	Type	Description
...segments	string[]	Path segments to join with dots

Example

["path", "formValues", "@payload.fieldId"] // => "formValues.customerName"

Returns: textArgs: 1 or more

⏰Date & Time

Work with dates, times, durations, and timestamps.

25 operators

time/now✨ Pure

Current timestamp

Example

["time/now"] // => 1705593600000

Returns: numberArgs: 0 arguments

time/today✨ Pure

Today at midnight (local time)

Example

["time/today"]

Returns: numberArgs: 0 arguments

time/parse✨ Pure

Parse string to timestamp

Parameter	Type	Description
str	string	Date string
format (opt)	string	Format pattern

Example

["time/parse", "2024-01-18", "YYYY-MM-DD"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

time/format✨ Pure

Format timestamp to string

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp
format	string	Format pattern

Example

["time/format", "@entity.createdAt", "MMM DD, YYYY"]

Returns: textArgs: 2 arguments

time/year✨ Pure

Get year from timestamp

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/year", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 2024

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/month✨ Pure

Get month from timestamp (1-12)

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/month", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 1

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/day✨ Pure

Get day of month from timestamp (1-31)

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/day", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 18

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/weekday✨ Pure

Get day of week (0=Sunday, 6=Saturday)

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/weekday", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 4 (Thursday)

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/hour✨ Pure

Get hour from timestamp (0-23)

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/hour", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 14

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/minute✨ Pure

Get minute from timestamp (0-59)

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/minute", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 30

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/second✨ Pure

Get second from timestamp (0-59)

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/second", "@entity.createdAt"] // => 45

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

time/add✨ Pure

Add time to timestamp

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp
amount	number	Amount to add
unit	string	Time unit (year/month/week/day/hour/minute/second/ms)

Example

["time/add", ["time/now"], 7, "day"]

Returns: numberArgs: 3 arguments

time/subtract✨ Pure

Subtract time from timestamp

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp
amount	number	Amount to subtract
unit	string	Time unit

Example

["time/subtract", ["time/now"], 1, "hour"]

Returns: numberArgs: 3 arguments

time/diff✨ Pure

Difference between timestamps

Parameter	Type	Description
a	number	First timestamp
b	number	Second timestamp
unit (opt)	string	Result unit (default: ms)

Example

["time/diff", "@entity.birthDate", ["time/now"], "year"]

Returns: numberArgs: 2–3 arguments

time/startOf✨ Pure

Get start of time period

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp
unit	string	Time unit (year/month/week/day/hour/minute)

Example

["time/startOf", ["time/now"], "month"]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

time/endOf✨ Pure

Get end of time period

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp
unit	string	Time unit

Example

["time/endOf", ["time/now"], "month"]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

time/isBefore✨ Pure

Check if a is before b

Parameter	Type	Description
a	number	First timestamp
b	number	Second timestamp

Example

["time/isBefore", "@entity.startDate", "@entity.endDate"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

time/isAfter✨ Pure

Check if a is after b

Parameter	Type	Description
a	number	First timestamp
b	number	Second timestamp

Example

["time/isAfter", ["time/now"], "@entity.deadline"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

time/isBetween✨ Pure

Check if date is between start and end

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp to check
start	number	Range start
end	number	Range end

Example

["time/isBetween", ["time/now"], "@entity.startDate", "@entity.endDate"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 3 arguments

time/isSame✨ Pure

Check if timestamps are same (optionally by unit)

Parameter	Type	Description
a	number	First timestamp
b	number	Second timestamp
unit (opt)	string	Comparison unit

Example

["time/isSame", "@a", "@b", "day"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2–3 arguments

time/isPast✨ Pure

Check if timestamp is in the past

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/isPast", "@entity.expiresAt"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

time/isFuture✨ Pure

Check if timestamp is in the future

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/isFuture", "@entity.scheduledAt"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

time/isToday✨ Pure

Check if timestamp is today

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/isToday", "@entity.createdAt"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

time/relative✨ Pure

Format as relative time ("2 hours ago", "in 3 days")

Parameter	Type	Description
date	number	Timestamp

Example

["time/relative", "@entity.lastActivityAt"] // => "2 hours ago"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

time/duration✨ Pure

Format milliseconds as duration ("2h 30m")

Parameter	Type	Description
ms	number	Duration in milliseconds

Example

["time/duration", 9000000] // => "2h 30m"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

✅Input Validation

Validate user input with common patterns like email, required, length checks.

23 operators

validate/required✨ Pure

Check if value is not null, undefined, or empty string

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/required", "@payload.name"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/string✨ Pure

Check if value is a string

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/string", "@payload.name"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/number✨ Pure

Check if value is a number

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/number", "@payload.age"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/boolean✨ Pure

Check if value is a boolean

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/boolean", "@payload.active"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/array✨ Pure

Check if value is an array

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/array", "@payload.items"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/object✨ Pure

Check if value is an object

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/object", "@payload.data"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/email✨ Pure

Check if value is a valid email format

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string	Email to validate

Example

["validate/email", "@payload.email"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/url✨ Pure

Check if value is a valid URL format

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string	URL to validate

Example

["validate/url", "@payload.website"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/uuid✨ Pure

Check if value is a valid UUID

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string	UUID to validate

Example

["validate/uuid", "@payload.id"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/phone✨ Pure

Check if value is a valid phone number

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string	Phone number to validate

Example

["validate/phone", "@payload.phone"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/creditCard✨ Pure

Check if value is a valid credit card number (Luhn algorithm)

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string	Card number to validate

Example

["validate/creditCard", "@payload.cardNumber"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/date✨ Pure

Check if value is a valid date

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check

Example

["validate/date", "@payload.birthDate"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

validate/minLength✨ Pure

Check if string/array has minimum length

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string | array	Value to check
min	number	Minimum length

Example

["validate/minLength", "@payload.password", 8]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/maxLength✨ Pure

Check if string/array has maximum length

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string | array	Value to check
max	number	Maximum length

Example

["validate/maxLength", "@payload.name", 50]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/length✨ Pure

Check if string/array has exact length

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string | array	Value to check
exact	number	Required length

Example

["validate/length", "@payload.code", 6]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/min✨ Pure

Check if number is >= minimum

Parameter	Type	Description
value	number	Number to check
min	number	Minimum value

Example

["validate/min", "@payload.age", 18]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/max✨ Pure

Check if number is <= maximum

Parameter	Type	Description
value	number	Number to check
max	number	Maximum value

Example

["validate/max", "@payload.quantity", 100]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/range✨ Pure

Check if number is within range [min, max]

Parameter	Type	Description
value	number	Number to check
min	number	Minimum value
max	number	Maximum value

Example

["validate/range", "@payload.rating", 1, 5]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 3 arguments

validate/pattern✨ Pure

Check if string matches regex pattern

Parameter	Type	Description
value	string	String to check
regex	string	Regex pattern

Example

["validate/pattern", "@payload.code", "^[A-Z]{3}[0-9]{3}$"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/oneOf✨ Pure

Check if value is in list of allowed values

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check
options	array	Allowed values

Example

["validate/oneOf", "@payload.role", ["admin", "user", "guest"]]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/noneOf✨ Pure

Check if value is not in list of disallowed values

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value to check
options	array	Disallowed values

Example

["validate/noneOf", "@payload.username", ["admin", "root", "system"]]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/equals✨ Pure

Deep equality check

Parameter	Type	Description
a	any	First value
b	any	Second value

Example

["validate/equals", "@payload.password", "@payload.confirmPassword"]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

validate/check✨ Pure

Run multiple validation rules, return { valid, errors }

Parameter	Type	Description
value	any	Value or object to validate
rules	object	Validation rules by field

Example

["validate/check", "@payload.data", { "name": [["required"], ["minLength", 2], ["maxLength", 50]], "email": [["required"], ["email"]], "age": [["number"], ["min", 18]] }]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

🎨Data Formatting

Display formatting for currency, numbers, dates, and file sizes.

9 operators

format/number✨ Pure

Format number with locale-aware separators

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Number to format
opts (opt)	object	Format options (decimals, locale)

Example

["format/number", 1234567.89] // => "1,234,567.89"

Returns: textArgs: 1–2 arguments

format/currency✨ Pure

Format as currency

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Amount
currency	string	Currency code (USD, EUR, etc.)
locale (opt)	string	Locale (default: en-US)

Example

["format/currency", 1234.56, "USD"] // => "$1,234.56"

Returns: textArgs: 2–3 arguments

format/percent✨ Pure

Format as percentage

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Number (0.5 = 50%)
decimals (opt)	number	Decimal places (default: 0)

Example

["format/percent", 0.856, 1] // => "85.6%"

Returns: textArgs: 1–2 arguments

format/bytes✨ Pure

Format bytes as human-readable size

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Bytes

Example

["format/bytes", 2500000] // => "2.4 MB"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

format/ordinal✨ Pure

Format number as ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Number

Example

["format/ordinal", 42] // => "42nd"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

format/plural✨ Pure

Format count with singular/plural word

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Count
singular	string	Singular form
plural	string	Plural form

Example

["format/plural", 5, "item", "items"] // => "5 items"

Returns: textArgs: 3 arguments

format/list✨ Pure

Format array as natural language list

Parameter	Type	Description
arr	array	Array of strings
style (opt)	string	"and" or "or" (default: and)

Example

["format/list", ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"], "and"] // => "Alice, Bob, and Charlie"

Returns: textArgs: 1–2 arguments

format/phone✨ Pure

Format phone number

Parameter	Type	Description
str	string	Phone number digits
format (opt)	string	Format pattern (default: US)

Example

["format/phone", "5551234567"] // => "(555) 123-4567"

Returns: textArgs: 1–2 arguments

format/creditCard✨ Pure

Format credit card with masked digits

Parameter	Type	Description
str	string	Card number

Example

["format/creditCard", "4111111111111234"] // => "•••• •••• •••• 1234"

Returns: textArgs: 1 argument

⏳Async Operations

Control timing with delays, debouncing, retries, and timeouts.

9 operators

async/delay⚡ Effect

Wait for specified milliseconds, optionally execute an effect after

Parameter	Type	Description
ms	number	Milliseconds to wait
effect	expression	Optional effect to execute after delay

Example

["async/delay", 2000, ["emit", "RETRY"]] // Wait 2s then emit

Returns: any valueArgs: 1–2 arguments

async/interval⚡ Effect

Execute an effect periodically at a fixed interval

Parameter	Type	Description
ms	number	Interval in milliseconds
effect	expression	Effect to execute each interval

Example

["async/interval", 5000, ["emit", "POLL_TICK"]] // Emit every 5s

Returns: textArgs: 2 arguments

async/timeout⚡ Effect

Add timeout to an effect

Parameter	Type	Description
effect	expression	Effect to execute
ms	number	Timeout in milliseconds

Example

["async/timeout", ["call", "api", "fetchData"], 5000]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

async/debounce⚡ Effect

Debounce an event (wait for pause in events)

Parameter	Type	Description
event	string	Event name to emit
ms	number	Debounce delay in milliseconds

Example

["async/debounce", "SEARCH", 300]

Returns: nothingArgs: 2 arguments

async/throttle⚡ Effect

Throttle an event (emit at most once per interval)

Parameter	Type	Description
event	string	Event name to emit
ms	number	Throttle interval in milliseconds

Example

["async/throttle", "SCROLL", 100]

Returns: nothingArgs: 2 arguments

async/retry⚡ Effect

Retry an effect with configurable backoff

Parameter	Type	Description
effect	expression	Effect to retry
opts	object	{ attempts, backoff, baseDelay }

Example

["async/retry", ["call", "api", "fetchData", { "id": "@entity.id" }], { "attempts": 3, "backoff": "exponential", "baseDelay": 1000 }]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

async/race⚡ Effect

Execute effects in parallel, return first to complete

Parameter	Type	Description
...effects	expression[]	Effects to race

Example

["async/race", ["call", "api1"], ["call", "api2"]]

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 or more

async/all⚡ Effect

Execute effects in parallel, wait for all to complete

Parameter	Type	Description
...effects	expression[]	Effects to execute

Example

["async/all", ["call", "api1"], ["call", "api2"]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 or more

async/sequence⚡ Effect

Execute effects in sequence (one after another)

Parameter	Type	Description
...effects	expression[]	Effects to execute in order

Example

["async/sequence", ["call", "validate"], ["call", "save"]]

Returns: listArgs: 2 or more

🧠Neural Network Operations

Define and compose neural network layers and modules.

14 operators

nn/sequential✨ Pure

Create a sequential neural network from layers

Parameter	Type	Description
...layers	nn/layer[]	Layers to stack sequentially

Example

["nn/sequential", ["nn/linear", 16, 64], ["nn/relu"], ["nn/linear", 64, 4]]

Returns: nn/moduleArgs: 1 or more

nn/linear✨ Pure

Fully connected linear layer (output = input * weights + bias)

Parameter	Type	Description
inFeatures	number	Input dimension
outFeatures	number	Output dimension

Example

["nn/linear", 16, 64] // 16 inputs -> 64 outputs

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 2 arguments

nn/relu✨ Pure

ReLU activation function: max(0, x)

Example

["nn/relu"]

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 0 arguments

nn/tanh✨ Pure

Tanh activation function: (e^x - e^-x) / (e^x + e^-x)

Example

["nn/tanh"]

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 0 arguments

nn/sigmoid✨ Pure

Sigmoid activation function: 1 / (1 + e^-x)

Example

["nn/sigmoid"]

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 0 arguments

nn/softmax✨ Pure

Softmax activation function (normalizes to probability distribution)

Parameter	Type	Description
dim (opt)	number	Dimension to apply softmax (default: -1)

Example

["nn/softmax"]

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 0–1 arguments

nn/dropout✨ Pure

Dropout layer for regularization (randomly zeros elements during training)

Parameter	Type	Description
p (opt)	number	Dropout probability (default: 0.5)

Example

["nn/dropout", 0.3] // 30% dropout

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 0–1 arguments

nn/batchnorm✨ Pure

Batch normalization layer

Parameter	Type	Description
numFeatures	number	Number of features to normalize

Example

["nn/batchnorm", 64]

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 1 argument

nn/layernorm✨ Pure

Layer normalization

Parameter	Type	Description
normalizedShape	number | number[]	Shape to normalize over

Example

["nn/layernorm", 64]

Returns: nn/layerArgs: 1 argument

nn/forward✨ Pure

Execute forward pass through network

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network module
input	tensor	Input tensor

Example

["nn/forward", "@entity.architecture", "@entity.sensors"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

nn/getWeights✨ Pure

Get network weights as a flat tensor

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network module

Example

["nn/getWeights", "@entity.architecture"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

nn/setWeights⚡ Effect

Set network weights from a flat tensor

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network module
weights	tensor	New weights as flat tensor

Example

["nn/setWeights", "@entity.architecture", "@payload.newWeights"]

Returns: nn/moduleArgs: 2 arguments

nn/paramCount✨ Pure

Get total number of trainable parameters

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network module

Example

["nn/paramCount", "@entity.architecture"] // => 3300

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

nn/clone✨ Pure

Create a deep copy of the network with same weights

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network module to clone

Example

["nn/clone", "@entity.architecture"]

Returns: nn/moduleArgs: 1 argument

📊Tensor Operations

Create and manipulate multi-dimensional arrays for numerical computing.

29 operators

tensor/from✨ Pure

Create tensor from array

Parameter	Type	Description
data	array	Array of numbers (can be nested for multi-dimensional)

Example

["tensor/from", [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]]

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

tensor/zeros✨ Pure

Create tensor filled with zeros

Parameter	Type	Description
shape	number[]	Shape of the tensor

Example

["tensor/zeros", [3, 4]] // 3x4 tensor of zeros

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

tensor/ones✨ Pure

Create tensor filled with ones

Parameter	Type	Description
shape	number[]	Shape of the tensor

Example

["tensor/ones", [3, 4]] // 3x4 tensor of ones

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

tensor/rand✨ Pure

Create tensor with random values in [0, 1)

Parameter	Type	Description
shape	number[]	Shape of the tensor

Example

["tensor/rand", [16]] // Random 16-element vector

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

tensor/randn✨ Pure

Create tensor with random values from standard normal distribution

Parameter	Type	Description
shape	number[]	Shape of the tensor

Example

["tensor/randn", [16]] // Random normal 16-element vector

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

tensor/shape✨ Pure

Get tensor shape as array

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor

Example

["tensor/shape", "@entity.sensors"] // => [16]

Returns: number[]Args: 1 argument

tensor/get✨ Pure

Get element at index

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
index	number | number[]	Index (single for 1D, array for multi-D)

Example

["tensor/get", "@entity.output", 3] // Get 4th element

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/slice✨ Pure

Get slice of tensor

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
start	number	Start index
end	number	End index (exclusive)

Example

["tensor/slice", "@entity.output", 0, 3] // First 3 elements

Returns: tensorArgs: 3 arguments

tensor/reshape✨ Pure

Reshape tensor to new shape (total elements must match)

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
shape	number[]	New shape

Example

["tensor/reshape", "@entity.data", [4, 4]] // Reshape to 4x4

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/flatten✨ Pure

Flatten tensor to 1D

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor

Example

["tensor/flatten", "@entity.data"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 1 argument

tensor/add✨ Pure

Element-wise addition

Parameter	Type	Description
a	tensor	First tensor
b	tensor | number	Second tensor or scalar

Example

["tensor/add", "@entity.a", "@entity.b"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/sub✨ Pure

Element-wise subtraction

Parameter	Type	Description
a	tensor	First tensor
b	tensor | number	Second tensor or scalar

Example

["tensor/sub", "@entity.a", "@entity.b"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/mul✨ Pure

Element-wise multiplication

Parameter	Type	Description
a	tensor	First tensor
b	tensor | number	Second tensor or scalar

Example

["tensor/mul", "@entity.weights", 0.99] // Decay weights

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/div✨ Pure

Element-wise division

Parameter	Type	Description
a	tensor	First tensor
b	tensor | number	Second tensor or scalar

Example

["tensor/div", "@entity.gradient", "@entity.batchSize"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/matmul✨ Pure

Matrix multiplication

Parameter	Type	Description
a	tensor	First tensor (NxM)
b	tensor	Second tensor (MxK)

Example

["tensor/matmul", "@entity.input", "@entity.weights"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/dot✨ Pure

Dot product of two 1D tensors

Parameter	Type	Description
a	tensor	First vector
b	tensor	Second vector

Example

["tensor/dot", "@entity.a", "@entity.b"]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/sum✨ Pure

Sum of tensor elements

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
dim (opt)	number	Dimension to reduce

Example

["tensor/sum", "@entity.rewards"] // Total reward

Returns: number | tensorArgs: 1–2 arguments

tensor/mean✨ Pure

Mean of tensor elements

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
dim (opt)	number	Dimension to reduce

Example

["tensor/mean", "@entity.losses"]

Returns: number | tensorArgs: 1–2 arguments

tensor/max✨ Pure

Maximum value in tensor

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
dim (opt)	number	Dimension to reduce

Example

["tensor/max", "@entity.qValues"]

Returns: number | tensorArgs: 1–2 arguments

tensor/min✨ Pure

Minimum value in tensor

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
dim (opt)	number	Dimension to reduce

Example

["tensor/min", "@entity.distances"]

Returns: number | tensorArgs: 1–2 arguments

tensor/argmax✨ Pure

Index of maximum value

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
dim (opt)	number	Dimension to reduce

Example

["tensor/argmax", "@entity.qValues"] // Best action index

Returns: number | tensorArgs: 1–2 arguments

tensor/norm✨ Pure

L2 norm of tensor

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
p (opt)	number	Norm order (default 2) (default: 2)

Example

["tensor/norm", "@entity.gradient"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1–2 arguments

tensor/allInRange✨ Pure

Check if all elements are within range [min, max]

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
range	[number, number]	Range as [min, max]

Example

["tensor/allInRange", "@payload.input", [-1.0, 1.0]]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/outOfRangeIndices✨ Pure

Get indices of elements outside range

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
range	[number, number]	Range as [min, max]

Example

["tensor/outOfRangeIndices", "@payload.input", [-1.0, 1.0]]

Returns: number[]Args: 2 arguments

tensor/clamp✨ Pure

Clamp all elements to range [min, max]

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
min	number	Minimum value
max	number	Maximum value

Example

["tensor/clamp", "@entity.output", -10.0, 10.0]

Returns: tensorArgs: 3 arguments

tensor/clampPerDim✨ Pure

Clamp each dimension to its specified range

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
ranges	object	Per-dimension ranges { "0": {min, max}, ... }

Example

["tensor/clampPerDim", "@entity.rawOutput", "@entity.outputContract.ranges"]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/outOfRangeDims✨ Pure

Get dimensions that exceed their specified ranges

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor
ranges	object	Per-dimension ranges { "0": {min, max}, ... }

Example

["tensor/outOfRangeDims", "@entity.rawOutput", "@entity.outputContract.ranges"]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

tensor/toArray✨ Pure

Convert tensor to nested array

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor

Example

["tensor/toArray", "@entity.output"]

Returns: listArgs: 1 argument

tensor/toList✨ Pure

Convert 1D tensor to flat array

Parameter	Type	Description
tensor	tensor	The tensor (must be 1D)

Example

["tensor/toList", "@entity.output"]

Returns: number[]Args: 1 argument

🎯Training Operations

Training loops, loss functions, and optimization for neural networks.

19 operators

train/loop⚡ Effect

Execute training loop with constraints

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network to train
data	array	Training data (array of {input, target} or experiences)
config	train/config	Training configuration with constraints

Example

["train/loop", "@entity.architecture", "@entity.buffer", "@entity.trainingConfig"]

Returns: train/resultArgs: 3 arguments

train/step⚡ Effect

Execute single training step (forward, loss, backward, update)

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
input	tensor	Input tensor
target	tensor	Target tensor
config	train/config	Training configuration

Example

["train/step", "@entity.architecture", "@batch.input", "@batch.target", "@entity.config"]

Returns: train/stepResultArgs: 4 arguments

train/validate✨ Pure

Validate model on test cases, returns pass/fail metrics

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
testCases	array	Array of {input, expected, tolerance?}

Example

["train/validate", "@entity.architecture", "@entity.validationSet"]

Returns: train/validationResultArgs: 2 arguments

train/checkRegression✨ Pure

Check if new model regresses on required invariants

Parameter	Type	Description
newModule	nn/module	Newly trained network
oldModule	nn/module	Previous network
invariants	array	Test cases that must not regress

Example

["train/checkRegression", "@payload.newWeights", "@entity.architecture", "@entity.requiredInvariants"]

Returns: train/regressionResultArgs: 3 arguments

train/checkConstraints✨ Pure

Check if network weights satisfy all constraints

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
constraints	train/constraints	Constraint specification

Example

["train/checkConstraints", "@payload.newWeights", "@entity.constraints"]

Returns: train/constraintResultArgs: 2 arguments

train/checkWeightMagnitude✨ Pure

Check if all weights are within magnitude limit

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
maxMagnitude	number	Maximum allowed weight magnitude

Example

["train/checkWeightMagnitude", "@entity.architecture", 10.0]

Returns: true/falseArgs: 2 arguments

train/checkForbiddenOutputs✨ Pure

Check if model produces outputs in forbidden regions

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
testInputs	array	Inputs to test
forbiddenRegions	array	Forbidden output regions

Example

["train/checkForbiddenOutputs", "@entity.architecture", "@entity.testInputs", "@entity.forbiddenOutputRegions"]

Returns: train/forbiddenResultArgs: 3 arguments

train/clipGradients⚡ Effect

Clip gradients to max norm (modifies in place)

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
maxNorm	number	Maximum gradient norm

Example

["train/clipGradients", "@entity.architecture", 1.0]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

train/getGradientNorm✨ Pure

Get current gradient norm

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network

Example

["train/getGradientNorm", "@entity.architecture"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

train/clipWeights⚡ Effect

Clip weights to max magnitude (modifies in place)

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
maxMagnitude	number	Maximum weight magnitude

Example

["train/clipWeights", "@entity.architecture", 10.0]

Returns: nothingArgs: 2 arguments

train/getMaxWeightMagnitude✨ Pure

Get maximum weight magnitude in network

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network

Example

["train/getMaxWeightMagnitude", "@entity.architecture"]

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

train/mse✨ Pure

Mean squared error loss

Parameter	Type	Description
predicted	tensor	Predicted values
target	tensor	Target values

Example

["train/mse", "@entity.output", "@batch.target"]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

train/crossEntropy✨ Pure

Cross-entropy loss for classification

Parameter	Type	Description
logits	tensor	Raw model outputs (logits)
labels	tensor	Target class labels

Example

["train/crossEntropy", "@entity.logits", "@batch.labels"]

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

train/huber✨ Pure

Huber loss (smooth L1, robust to outliers)

Parameter	Type	Description
predicted	tensor	Predicted values
target	tensor	Target values
delta (opt)	number	Threshold for quadratic vs linear (default: 1)

Example

["train/huber", "@entity.qValues", "@batch.targets", 1.0]

Returns: numberArgs: 2–3 arguments

train/sgd⚡ Effect

Stochastic gradient descent optimizer step

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
lr	number	Learning rate
momentum (opt)	number	Momentum factor (default: 0)

Example

["train/sgd", "@entity.architecture", 0.01, 0.9]

Returns: nothingArgs: 2–3 arguments

train/adam⚡ Effect

Adam optimizer step

Parameter	Type	Description
module	nn/module	The neural network
lr	number	Learning rate
beta1 (opt)	number	First moment decay (default: 0.9)
beta2 (opt)	number	Second moment decay (default: 0.999)

Example

["train/adam", "@entity.architecture", 0.001]

Returns: nothingArgs: 2–4 arguments

train/sampleBatch✨ Pure

Sample random batch from experience buffer

Parameter	Type	Description
buffer	array	Experience buffer
batchSize	number	Number of samples

Example

["train/sampleBatch", "@entity.experienceBuffer", 32]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

train/computeReturns✨ Pure

Compute discounted returns from rewards

Parameter	Type	Description
rewards	array	Array of rewards
gamma	number	Discount factor

Example

["train/computeReturns", "@episode.rewards", 0.99]

Returns: tensorArgs: 2 arguments

train/computeAdvantages✨ Pure

Compute GAE advantages for policy gradient

Parameter	Type	Description
rewards	array	Array of rewards
values	tensor	Value estimates
config	object	Config with gamma, lambda

Example

["train/computeAdvantages", "@episode.rewards", "@episode.values", { "gamma": 0.99, "lambda": 0.95 }]

Returns: tensorArgs: 3 arguments

🎲Probabilistic Programming

Distribution sampling, Bayesian inference via rejection sampling, and statistical summaries.

16 operators

prob/seed⚡ Effect

Set seeded PRNG for deterministic probabilistic sampling

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Seed value (integer)

Example

["prob/seed", 42]

Returns: nothingArgs: 1 argument

prob/flip✨ Pure

Bernoulli trial: returns true with probability p

Parameter	Type	Description
p	number	Probability of true (0 to 1)

Example

["prob/flip", 0.5] // => true or false with equal probability

Returns: true/falseArgs: 1 argument

prob/gaussian✨ Pure

Sample from a Gaussian (normal) distribution

Parameter	Type	Description
mu	number	Mean
sigma	number	Standard deviation

Example

["prob/gaussian", 0, 1] // => standard normal sample

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

prob/uniform✨ Pure

Sample from a uniform distribution [lo, hi)

Parameter	Type	Description
lo	number	Lower bound (inclusive)
hi	number	Upper bound (exclusive)

Example

["prob/uniform", 0, 10] // => number in [0, 10)

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

prob/beta✨ Pure

Sample from a Beta(alpha, beta) distribution

Parameter	Type	Description
alpha	number	Alpha shape parameter (> 0)
beta	number	Beta shape parameter (> 0)

Example

["prob/beta", 2, 5] // => number in [0, 1], mean ~ 0.286

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

prob/categorical✨ Pure

Weighted random selection from items

Parameter	Type	Description
items	array	Array of items to choose from
weights	number[]	Array of weights (same length as items)

Example

["prob/categorical", ["a", "b", "c"], [1, 2, 1]] // => "b" most likely

Returns: any valueArgs: 2 arguments

prob/poisson✨ Pure

Sample from a Poisson distribution

Parameter	Type	Description
lambda	number	Rate parameter (> 0)

Example

["prob/poisson", 4] // => non-negative integer, mean ~ 4

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

prob/condition⚡ Effect

Mark current sample as rejected if predicate is false

Parameter	Type	Description
predicate	boolean	Condition that must hold

Example

["prob/condition", [">", "@entity.x", 0]]

Returns: nothingArgs: 1 argument

prob/sample✨ Pure

Evaluate an expression n times and collect results

Parameter	Type	Description
n	number	Number of samples
expr	SExpr	Expression to evaluate (lazy)

Example

["prob/sample", 1000, ["prob/flip", 0.5]] // => array of booleans

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments

prob/posterior✨ Pure

Rejection sampling: returns accepted query values

Parameter	Type	Description
model	SExpr	Model expression (lazy, may call set/condition)
evidence	SExpr	Evidence expression (lazy, boolean)
query	SExpr	Query expression (lazy, value to collect)
n	number	Number of samples to attempt

Example

["prob/posterior", model, evidence, query, 5000]

Returns: listArgs: 4 arguments

prob/infer✨ Pure

Like posterior but returns {mean, variance, samples, acceptRate}

Parameter	Type	Description
model	SExpr	Model expression (lazy)
evidence	SExpr	Evidence expression (lazy, boolean)
query	SExpr	Query expression (lazy)
n	number	Number of samples to attempt

Example

["prob/infer", model, evidence, query, 5000]

Returns: objectArgs: 4 arguments

prob/expected-value✨ Pure

Mean of numeric samples

Parameter	Type	Description
samples	number[]	Array of numeric samples

Example

["prob/expected-value", [2, 4, 6, 8]] // => 5

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

prob/variance✨ Pure

Population variance of numeric samples

Parameter	Type	Description
samples	number[]	Array of numeric samples

Example

["prob/variance", [2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9]] // => 4

Returns: numberArgs: 1 argument

prob/histogram✨ Pure

Bin numeric samples into a histogram

Parameter	Type	Description
samples	number[]	Array of numeric samples
bins	number	Number of bins

Example

["prob/histogram", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2] // => {binEdges, counts}

Returns: objectArgs: 2 arguments

prob/percentile✨ Pure

Get the p-th percentile (0-100) from samples

Parameter	Type	Description
samples	number[]	Array of numeric samples
p	number	Percentile (0 to 100)

Example

["prob/percentile", [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 50] // => 3

Returns: numberArgs: 2 arguments

prob/credible-interval✨ Pure

Compute symmetric credible interval from samples

Parameter	Type	Description
samples	number[]	Array of numeric samples
alpha	number	Significance level (e.g., 0.05 for 95% interval)

Example

["prob/credible-interval", samples, 0.05] // => [lo, hi]

Returns: listArgs: 2 arguments